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Milwaukee Public Schools, Wisconsin
| Milwaukee Public Schools |
|---|
 |
| Milwaukee, Wisconsin |
| District details |
| Superintendent: Brenda Cassellius |
| # of school board members: 9 |
| Website: Link |
Milwaukee Public Schools is a school district in Wisconsin.
Click on the links below to learn more about the school district's...
- Superintendent
- School board
- Elections
- Budget
- Teacher salaries
- Academic performance
- Students
- Staff
- Schools
- Contact information
Superintendent
 |
This information is updated as we become aware of changes. Please contact us with any updates. |
Dr. Brenda Cassellius is the superintendent of Milwaukee Public Schools. She was appointed superintendent on March 4, 2025, and took office on March 15. Her previous career experience includes serving as superintendent of Boston Public Schools and as commissioner of the Minnesota Department of Education.[1]
Past superintendents
- Eduardo Galvan was the interim superintendent of Milwaukee Public Schools. He was appointed acting superintendent on June 17, 2024, and interim superintendent on July 25, 2024.[2][3] He left the position in March 2025.
- Keith P. Posley was the superintendent of Milwaukee Public Schools. On June 4, 2024, the school board unanimously accepted his resignation effective June 30, 2024.[4] Posley was appointed superintendent in October 2018. Posley's previous career experience included working as an elementary school teacher, a principal, and the district's chief school administration officer.[5]
- Darienne Driver was the superintendent of Milwaukee Public Schools from 2014 to 2018. Driver's previous career experience included working as the district's chief innovation driver and as a deputy chief in curriculum, instruction, professional development, and school empowerment with the School District of Philadelphia.[6][7][8]
School board
The Milwaukee Board of School Directors consists of nine members elected to four-year terms. Eight members are elected by district, and one member is elected at large.[9]
| Office | Name | Date assumed office |
|---|---|---|
| Milwaukee Public Schools Board of School Directors At-large | Missy Zombor | April 24, 2023 |
| Milwaukee Public Schools Board of School Directors District 1 | Marva Herndon | April 23, 2019 |
| Milwaukee Public Schools Board of School Directors District 2 | Erika Siemsen | April 23, 2019 |
| Milwaukee Public Schools Board of School Directors District 3 | Darryl Jackson | April 24, 2023 |
| Milwaukee Public Schools Board of School Directors District 4 | James Ferguson II | November 12, 2024 |
| Milwaukee Public Schools Board of School Directors District 5 | Christopher Fons | April 28, 2025 |
| Milwaukee Public Schools Board of School Directors District 6 | Mimi Reza | April 28, 2025 |
| Milwaukee Public Schools Board of School Directors District 7 | Katherine Vannoy | April 28, 2025 |
| Milwaukee Public Schools Board of School Directors District 8 | Megan O'Halloran | April 23, 2019 |
Governing majority
To read about the governing majority on the Milwaukee Board of School Directors between 2014 and 2019, click "[Show more]" below.
2017-2019
| Milwaukee Board of School Directors, 2017-2019 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Member | District | Term end date |
| Mark Sain | District 1 | 2019 |
| Wendell Harris Sr. | District 2 | 2019 |
| Vacant[10] | District 3 | |
| Annie Woodward | District 4 | 2021 |
| Larry Miller | District 5 | 2021 |
| Tony Baez | District 6 | 2021 |
| Paula Phillips | District 7 | 2021 |
| Carol Voss | District 8 | 2019 |
| Terrence Falk | At-large | 2019 |
The Milwaukee Board of School Directors voted unanimously on 78.05 percent of its votes (excluding procedural items) between the bi-annual organizational meeting on April 25, 2017, and the regular board meeting on December 21, 2017. A total of 96.34 percent of board votes passed.[11]
Annie Woodward dissented more often than other members of the board during this period, casting 12 no votes. Tony Baez cast eight no votes, and Larry Miller and Michael Bonds each cast six no votes. The remaining members of the board cast between zero and five no votes each.[11]
Due to the number of unanimous votes, a governing majority of the board could not be discerned from the voting data.[11]
Absences
Bonds was absent for 18.29 percent of votes cast by the board between April 25, 2017, and December 21, 2017, a higher absence rate than any other member. Harris had the second-highest absence rate, missing 12.20 percent of all votes cast during that period. No member was present for every vote cast during that period.[11]
Issues
Fiscal and budgetary matters accounted for the highest percentage of issues the board voted on between April 25, 2017, and December 21, 2017, at 42.7 percent. Fiscal and budgetary matters were second-highest at 22.0 percent.[11]
2015-2017
| Milwaukee Board of School Directors, 2015-2017 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Member | District | Term end date |
| Mark Sain | District 1 | 2019 |
| Wendell Harris Sr. | District 2 | 2019 |
| Michael Bonds | District 3 | 2019 |
| Annie Woodward | District 4 | 2017 |
| Larry Miller | District 5 | 2017 |
| Tatiana Joseph | District 6 | 2017 |
| Claire Zautke | District 7 | 2017 |
| Carol Voss | District 8 | 2019 |
| Terrence Falk | At-large | 2019 |
The Milwaukee Board of School Directors voted unanimously on 88.59 percent of its votes between the bi-annual organizational meeting on April 28, 2015, and the regular board meeting on April 20, 2017 (the last meeting preceding the 2017 organizational meeting). A total of 97.83 percent of board votes passed.[12]
Annie Woodward and Terrence Falk dissented more often than other members of the board. The two members each cast eight no votes. Michael Bonds and Larry Miller each cast seven no votes. The remaining members of the board cast between three and five no votes each.[12]
Due to the number of unanimous votes, a governing majority of the board could not be discerned from the voting data.[12]
Absences
Joseph was absent for 35.33 percent of votes cast by the board between April 2015 and April 2017, a higher absence rate than any other member. Harris had the second-highest absence rate, missing 14.13 percent of all votes cast. Zautke was the only member to be present for every board vote.[12]
Issues
Board procedures accounted for the highest percentage of issues the board voted on between April 2015 and April 2017 at 26.1 percent. Fiscal and budgetary matters were second-highest at 16.8 percent.[12]
2014-2015
| Milwaukee Board of School Directors, 2013-2015 | |
|---|---|
| Member | District |
| Mark Sain | District 1 |
| Jeff Spence | District 2 |
| Michael Bonds | District 3 |
| Annie Woodward | District 4 |
| Larry Miller | District 5 |
| Tatiana Joseph | District 6 |
| Claire Zautke | District 7 |
| Meagan Holman | District 8 |
| Terrence Falk | At-large |
The Milwaukee Board of School Directors voted unanimously on 75.89 percent of its votes between January 1, 2014, and April 23, 2015. Out of all votes recorded by the board, 94.64 percent passed.[12]
When the board did not vote unanimously:[12]
- 82.14 percent of the votes passed.
- No members voted together 100 percent of the time.
- Annie Woodward dissented more often than any other member of the board, casting a total of 23 no votes. Larry Miller dissented the second-most times, casting nine no votes. The other members of the board cast between two and four no votes each.
- Michael Bonds, Meagan Holman, Mark Sain, and Jeff Spence voted together 82.14 percent of the time. When combined with Claire Zautke, they voted together 57.14 percent of the time.
- Miller and Terrence Falk voted together 64.29 percent of the time. When combined with Tatiana Joseph, they voted together 53.57 percent of the time.
The voting data indicated that Bonds, Holman, Sain, Spence, and Zautke were the governing majority on the board, and Miller, Falk, and Joseph were the minority faction on the board. Woodward did not vote with either group consistently enough to be considered part of the majority or minority faction.[12]
Absences
Woodward was absent for 14.29 percent of all votes cast by the board between January 1, 2014 and April 23, 2015, which was the highest percentage of any board member. Joseph was had the second-highest absent rate, missing 11.61 percent of all votes cast. No member was present for all votes cast, but Zautke had the lowest absent rate at 0.89 percent.[12]
Issues
Board procedures accounted for the highest percentage of issues the board voted on between January 1, 2014 and April 23, 2015 at 28.6 percent. Fiscal and budgetary matters were second-highest at 19.6 percent.[12]
Elections
Members of the Milwaukee Board of School Directors are elected to four-year terms in April of odd-numbered years. Primaries, if necessary, are held in February. Elections are held on a staggered basis so that four or five seats are up for election each cycle.
Four seats on the school board were up for general election on April 1, 2025. A primary was scheduled for February 18, 2025, but it was canceled due to lack of opposition. The filing deadline for this election was January 7, 2025.
Ballotpedia covered school board elections in 367 school districts in 29 states in 2024. Those school districts had a total student enrollment of 12,203,404 students. Click here to read an analysis of those elections.
Join the conversation about school board politics
Public participation in board meetings
The Milwaukee Public Schools Board of School Directors school board maintains the following policy on public testimony during board meetings:[13]
District map
Budget
The following statistics were published by the National Center for Education Statistics, which is a part of the U.S. Department of Education.[14]
| SOURCE | AMOUNT | AMOUNT PER STUDENT | PERCENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| Federal: | $214,019,000 | $2,993 | 16% |
| Local: | $353,711,000 | $4,946 | 27% |
| State: | $732,865,000 | $10,248 | 56% |
| Total: | $1,300,595,000 | $18,188 |
| TYPE | AMOUNT | AMOUNT PER STUDENT | PERCENT |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total Expenditures: | $1,251,877,000 | $17,506 | |
| Total Current Expenditures: | $1,125,781,000 | $15,742 | |
| Instructional Expenditures: | $640,207,000 | $8,952 | 51% |
| Student and Staff Support: | $197,037,000 | $2,755 | 16% |
| Administration: | $141,072,000 | $1,972 | 11% |
| Operations, Food Service, Other: | $147,465,000 | $2,062 | 12% |
| Total Capital Outlay: | $30,285,000 | $423 | |
| Construction: | $19,403,000 | $271 | |
| Total Non El-Sec Education & Other: | $27,691,000 | $387 | |
| Interest on Debt: | $15,790,000 | $220 |
Teacher salaries
The following salary information was pulled from the district's teacher salary schedule. A salary schedule is a list of expected compensations based on variables such as position, years employed, and education level. It may not reflect actual teacher salaries in the district.
| Year | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|---|---|
| 2024-2025[15] | $52,827.70 | $121,687.33 |
| 2023-2024[16] | $50,737 | $104,477 |
| 2020-2021[17] | $19,785 | $102,101 |
Academic performance
Each year, state and local education agencies use tests and other standards to assess student proficiency. Although the data below was published by the U.S. Department of Education, proficiency measurements are established by the states. As a result, proficiency levels are not comparable between different states and year-over-year proficiency levels within a district may not be comparable because states may change their proficiency measurements.[18]
The following table shows the percentage of district students who scored at or above the proficiency level each school year:
| School year | All (%) | Asian/Pacific Islander (%) | Black (%) | Hispanic (%) | Native American (%) | Two or More Races (%) | White (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-2021 | 10 | 16 | 4 | 7 | 6-9 | 14 | 31 |
| 2018-2019 | 15 | 24 | 8 | 15 | 10-14 | 20 | 38 |
| 2017-2018 | 15 | 26 | 8 | 16 | 10-14 | 19 | 38 |
| 2016-2017 | 15 | 23 | 8 | 16 | 15-19 | 18 | 36 |
| 2015-2016 | 14 | 24 | 7 | 16 | 20-24 | 18 | 35 |
| 2014-2015 | 16 | 28 | 8 | 19 | 20-24 | 25-29 | 36 |
| 2013-2014 | 19 | 30 | 11 | 22 | 25-29 | 42 | |
| 2012-2013 | 20 | 32 | 12 | 21 | 26 | 42 | |
| 2011-2012 | 20 | 31 | 13 | 21 | 23 | 42 | |
| 2010-2011 | 48 | 63 | 38 | 54 | 58 | 71 |
The following table shows the percentage of district students who scored at or above the proficiency level each school year:
| School year | All (%) | Asian/Pacific Islander (%) | Black (%) | Hispanic (%) | Native American (%) | Two or More Races (%) | White (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-2021 | 18 | 25 | 9 | 16 | 10-14 | 25 | 46 |
| 2018-2019 | 18 | 29 | 10 | 19 | 15-19 | 23 | 45 |
| 2017-2018 | 19 | 30 | 11 | 20 | 15-19 | 23 | 45 |
| 2016-2017 | 20 | 30 | 12 | 22 | 20-24 | 25 | 45 |
| 2015-2016 | 19 | 29 | 11 | 22 | 20-24 | 24 | 45 |
| 2014-2015 | 26 | 38 | 17 | 29 | 30-34 | 45-49 | 51 |
| 2013-2014 | 15 | 17 | 10 | 14 | 20-24 | 36 | |
| 2012-2013 | 14 | 17 | 9 | 13 | 21 | 35 | |
| 2011-2012 | 14 | 16 | 10 | 13 | 17 | 34 | |
| 2010-2011 | 60 | 66 | 53 | 63 | 71 | 78 |
The following table shows the graduation rate of district students each school year:
| School year | All (%) | Asian/Pacific Islander (%) | Black (%) | Hispanic (%) | Native American (%) | Two or More Races (%) | White (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-2020 | 67 | 87 | 64 | 68 | 60-69 | 60-64 | 75 |
| 2018-2019 | 69 | 81 | 66 | 70 | 50-59 | 65-69 | 79 |
| 2017-2018 | 67 | 86 | 63 | 67 | 50-59 | 60-64 | 79 |
| 2016-2017 | 62 | 84 | 58 | 63 | 30-39 | 50-59 | 73 |
| 2015-2016 | 60 | 80-84 | 55 | 62 | 50-59 | 40-49 | 72 |
| 2014-2015 | 58 | 79 | 55 | 59 | 40-49 | >=50 | 68 |
| 2013-2014 | 61 | 79 | 58 | 59 | 60-69 | 70 | |
| 2012-2013 | 61 | 77 | 58 | 56 | 40-49 | 74 | |
| 2011-2012 | 62 | 78 | 59 | 62 | 50-59 | 70 | |
| 2010-2011 | 63 | 80-84 | 61 | 59 | 50-54 | 72 |
Students
| Year | Enrollment | Year-to-year change (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 2022-2023 | 67,500 | -2.4 |
| 2021-2022 | 69,115 | -3.5 |
| 2020-2021 | 71,510 | -4.4 |
| 2019-2020 | 74,683 | -1.0 |
| 2018-2019 | 75,431 | -0.1 |
| 2017-2018 | 75,539 | -0.9 |
| 2016-2017 | 76,206 | 0.6 |
| 2015-2016 | 75,749 | -2.1 |
| 2014-2015 | 77,316 | -1.6 |
| 2013-2014 | 78,516 | 0.2 |
| 2012-2013 | 78,363 | -1.0 |
| 2011-2012 | 79,130 | -2.3 |
| 2010-2011 | 80,934 | -1.4 |
| 2009-2010 | 82,096 | -4.0 |
| 2008-2009 | 85,381 | -1.7 |
| 2007-2008 | 86,819 | -3.6 |
| 2006-2007 | 89,912 | -2.8 |
| 2005-2006 | 92,395 | -1.4 |
| 2004-2005 | 93,654 | -4.0 |
| 2003-2004 | 97,359 | 0.1 |
| 2002-2003 | 97,293 | -0.5 |
| 2001-2002 | 97,762 | -0.2 |
| 2000-2001 | 97,985 | -1.8 |
| 1999-2000 | 99,729 | 0.0 |
| RACE | Milwaukee Public Schools (%) | Wisconsin K-12 STUDENTS (%) |
|---|---|---|
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 0.4 | 1.0 |
| Asian or Asian/Pacific Islander | 8.4 | 4.2 |
| Black | 49.8 | 8.7 |
| Hispanic | 28.1 | 13.6 |
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Two or More Races | 4.0 | 5.1 |
| White | 9.3 | 67.2 |
Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here.
Staff
As of the 2022-2023 school year, Milwaukee Public Schools had 4,034.59 full-time classroom teachers. The student-teacher ratio was 16.73.
| TYPE | NUMBER OF TEACHERS |
|---|---|
| Prekindergarten: | 308.50 |
| Kindergarten: | 210.46 |
| Elementary: | 1,716.14 |
| Secondary: | 1,675.49 |
| Total: | 4,034.59 |
Milwaukee Public Schools employed 61.00 district administrators and 272.63 school administrators as of the 2022-2023 school year.
| TYPE | NUMBER OF ADMINISTRATORS |
|---|---|
| District Administrators: | 61.00 |
| District Administrative Support: | 292.37 |
| School Administrators: | 272.63 |
| School Administrative Support: | 319.28 |
| TYPE | NUMBER OF OTHER STAFF |
|---|---|
| Instructional Aides: | 966.64 |
| Instruc. Coordinators & Supervisors: | 128.00 |
| Total Guidance Counselors: | 98.05 |
| Elementary Guidance Counselors: | 24.30 |
| Secondary Guidance Counselors: | 56.75 |
| Librarians/Media Specialists: | 22.00 |
| Library/Media Support: | 0.00 |
| Student Support Services: | 882.81 |
| Other Support Services: | 2,222.48 |
Schools
Noteworthy events
2024: Recall effort does not make the ballot
2017: Voucher school sues district over transportation costs
St. Joan Antida High School, an all-girls Catholic voucher school that is part of the Milwaukee Parental Choice Program, filed a lawsuit in federal court in March 2017 against Milwaukee Public Schools over transportation costs. The lawsuit called for Milwaukee Public Schools to pay for the cost of transportation for St. Joan Antida students, which it said was required by state law.[19][20]
When the lawsuit was filed, state law required public school districts to pay for transportation costs of students attending private schools within the district's boundaries if certain criteria were met, according to Brian Pahnke, assistant state superintendent for finance and management in the Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction.[20] The criteria included:
| “ |
|
” |
| —Wisconsin Public Radio (March 23, 2017)[20] | ||
State law at the time also said, “There shall be reasonable uniformity, in the transportation furnished to pupils, whether they attend public or private schools.” The Milwaukee school district's transportation policy as of 2017 dictated that busing must be provided to both public and private schools if students lived more than two miles from their schools or if they lived more than one mile from public transportation. The policy also included an exception for citywide schools.[19]
St. Joan Antida, represented by the Wisconsin Institute for Law and Liberty, referenced that exception in the lawsuit. “If they’re busing citywide high school students who live within a mile of public transportation, then they need to do the same for my girls,” said Paul Gessner, head of St. Joan Antida.[19]
Gessner said transportation was a hardship for a number of his students' families. “Without transportation it definitely impacts the choice of school that parents can select. The very first thing that we get asked is, ‘Is there a bus?’”[22]
Co-chair of Schools and Communities United Ingrid Walker-Henry said it was unreasonable for state law to require a public school to bus private school students. She said public money should be used for public schools. “We have this institution in our city that does educate all children and provides its own transportation, yet, we’re going to continue to take from these children to provide for something private,” said Walker-Henry.[19]
President of School Choice Wisconsin Jim Bender said the lawsuit was not related to a school choice debate. “All families in Milwaukee pay property taxes through home ownership or rent,” said Bender. “State law is clear that all students, regardless of sector, are to be treated equally with transportation services.”[22]
C.J. Szafir, vice president for policy and deputy council of the Wisconsin Institute for Law and Liberty, said the lawsuit was filed in federal court because St. Joan Antida had a constitutional claim. “We believe the constitutional guarantees of equal protection under the law are being violated by Milwaukee Public Schools where they discriminate against children who attend private and religious schools by denying them transportation,” said Szafir.[22]
A spokesperson for Milwaukee Public Schools said the district would not comment on pending litigation.[19]
In February 2018, federal Judge J.P. Stadtmueller of the Eastern District of Wisconsin ruled in favor of Milwaukee Public Schools. Click here to access Judge Stadtmueller's ruling. Attorneys for St. Joan Antida High School appealed the decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the 7th Circuit.[23]
On March 25, 2019, the 7th Circuit ruled in a 2-1 decision in favor of Milwaukee Public Schools. The court said the state's "decision not to subsidize the exercise of a fundamental right does not infringe the right." Judge Diane Sykes dissented, arguing that MPS should be required to bus the St. Joan students.[24] Read the full ruling here.
2017: Study says city violated law to expedite sale of empty school district buildings
The Wisconsin Institute for Law and Liberty released a study in March 2017 that said that the city of Milwaukee had violated a law to expedite the sale of unused Milwaukee Public Schools properties. The study showed 40 Milwaukee Public School properties were vacant or underused and said that five of those 40 buildings were for sale, though there was interest from potential buyers for other buildings.[25]
"The City of Milwaukee is acting like state law is optional," said C.J. Szafir, vice president for policy and deputy council of the Wisconsin Institute for Law and Liberty. The law in question was passed as part of the state's 2015-2017 state budget.[26]
"With a struggling Milwaukee educational system and interest from charter and voucher schools, city officials would rather see them empty than put to good use and filled with kids," said Szafir.[25]
Officials from Milwaukee Public Schools and the Milwaukee Department of City Development said the study was misleading and pointed to errors such as listing one school district property as being at 55% capacity when it was at 99.6% capacity.[25][27]
"We absolutely assert that the City of Milwaukee is following the law as it was written," said Milwaukee Department of City Development Deputy Commissioner Martha Brown.[25]
Michael Bonds, member of the Milwaukee Board of School Directors, said the push to sell the district's buildings was like “asking the Coca-Cola Company to turn over its facilities to Pepsi so Pepsi can expand and compete with the Coca-Cola Company.”[25]
Before the law to expedite the sale of buildings went into effect, Milwaukee Public Schools either refused to sell its buildings to voucher schools or asked for additional payments to combat a state funding issue. If a building was sold to a voucher school and students left the school district to attend it, the district's per-pupil state funds decreased. Because the district was responsible for paying a portion of per-pupil vouchers, the district had to pay more money to voucher schools, even if it had less money coming in. This funding issue was corrected in the state's 2013-2015 budget. When the district refused to sell buildings to voucher schools before the 2015 law went into effect, school district officials said they were trying to avoid placing a larger tax burden on the city's residents.[28]
The 2017 study from the Wisconsin Institute for Law and Liberty also mentioned the city's tax burden. “You have dwindling enrollment at Milwaukee Public Schools that has led to buildings that just sit empty, costing taxpayers money,” Szafir said. “These empty buildings over the course of the last decade have cost Milwaukee taxpayers well over $10.2 million.”[27]
The 2017 study called on the Wisconsin State Legislature to add penalties if the city does not comply to the law. One suggested penalty was to award attorney's fees “if the aggrieved party prevails,” in a lawsuit related to the law, according to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Such a penalty would have benefitted the Wisconsin Institute for Law and Liberty as it represented school choice advocates.[25]
“I know there are those that want financial repercussions for not cooperating,” said Sen. Alberta Darling (R-8), a co-author of the law. “I don’t know how you do that. It’s really hard to have teeth in the legislation because the ball keeps bouncing in different directions.”[27]
2017: District faces possible $50 million budget gap
Milwaukee Superintendent Darienne Driver announced on March 8, 2017, that the district faced a $50 million gap between expenditures and revenue sources in its 2017-2018 budget projections. Driver said the gap was caused in part by a decrease in federal funding and by legacy costs from healthcare benefits for retired employees.[29]
To offset costs, Driver said the district was pursuing donations from philanthropic sources and evaluating programs in order to fund only those that had proven successful. The district received $36 million from philanthropic sources for the 2016-2017 school year, which was more than double what it received the previous year. Driver said she did not anticipate that layoffs would be needed, but she did say that district staff might need to shift positions.[29]
In anticipation of the budget gap, schools across the district were asked to cut budgets by six figures, according to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. The district also moved to shut down underperforming high schools with small enrollments and to reconfigure other schools.[29]
 Sanctuary policy conflicts | |
| Milwaukee Public Schools was one of 15 districts tracked by Ballotpedia that debated sanctuary policies as of October 16, 2017. Learn more about these debates on Ballopedia's coverage of sanctuary jurisdictions » | |
Milwaukee Superintendent Darienne Driver sent a message to district families in February 2017 that promised to protect student information, including immigration status. In the message, Driver called Milwaukee Public Schools a "save haven of learning and support."[30]
"We do not ask for students' immigration status when they enroll," Driver said in the message. "If we become aware of a student's immigration status, we will not share that information with the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services."[30]
Driver's message was sent out two days after the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) issued guidance memos on the enforcement of immigration laws and executive orders on immigration issued by President Donald Trump (R). The memos called for more Border Patrol agents and prioritized the removal of individuals convicted or charged with a crime and reinforced prosecutorial discretion. Officials from DHS said that these guidance memos would not impact the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, which protected minors brought to the U.S. without legal permission.[31][32]
After Driver sent the message, school board members Larry Miller and Tatiana Joseph proposed a resolution to create a district policy that would require staff to not share students' legal status with government agencies. The resolution was passed unanimously on March 30, 2017.[33]
2017: District changes new school year start date to August
Students attending middle schools and high schools in the Milwaukee school district started the 2017-2018 school year on August 14, 2017, rather than on September 5, 2017, when most of the public schools in the state started. The change to an earlier start time was championed by Milwaukee Superintendent Darienne Driver. She said the district needed to maximize learning time for its students.[34][35][36]
Officials in other school districts in the state expressed their desire to also switch to earlier start times, but due to a state law, they were unable to start before September 1, 2017. The Milwaukee school district had more flexibility in scheduling their school calendars than other districts.[34]
A bill that would have repealed the September 1 start date law was re-introduced in the Wisconsin State Legislature in February 2017. It did not move out of committee before the 2017-2018 school year started on September 5, 2017.[37] A similar bill was introduced in past sessions but was never passed.[38]
School administrators in favor of starting earlier than September said it would give high school students more time in class before they took advanced placement courses in May and that it would help maximize learning for other students as well. Administrators said students were more ready to learn in August than they were in the spring when teachers started seeing declining results.[34]
Officials with the Wisconsin Hotel & Lodging Association, the Tourism Federation of Wisconsin, and other city and county visitor centers, however, said they relied on student workers to close out the season through Labor Day. In 2015, the month of August brought in $130 million more in tourism revenue than the month of June, according to the Wisconsin Department of Tourism.[34]
2017: District partners with higher education institutions to increase college readiness
Milwaukee Public Schools partnered with the Milwaukee Area Technical College and the University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee to create an education initiative called M-Cubed in January 2017. The initiative was created to make sure the three education institutions were teaching subjects in similar ways, according to Vicki Martin, president of the Milwaukee Area Technical College. It was also created to increase college readiness, increase the expectation of continuing to learn after high school, and increase the understanding of the importance of higher education, according to Wisconsin Public Radio.[39]
"Students have a hard time with math," Martin said. "With our students, as well, they hold off 'til the last semester because they want to avoid it at all costs. So what we realized is that we could together start working on a curriculum early to make sure that we are all aligned."[39]
One-third of Milwaukee's high school students do not continue to the 10th grade, according to Milwaukee Superintendent Darienne Driver. "Everybody's who's in the college readiness game knows how important 9th grade is," said Driver. "But again, this is not work that we can figure out by ourselves. We have to have partners that are helping us get our students over those different benchmarks, getting them to the finish line."[39]
2016: Opportunity Schools and Partnership Program
- See also: Battles over school governance (2016)
Background
The Opportunity Schools and Partnership Program (OSPP) was added to the proposed state budget by the Joint Finance Committee on May 20, 2015, on a party-line vote with Republicans in support and Democrats against.[40] It was co-authored by State Sen. Alberta Darling (R-8) and State Rep. Dale Kooyenga (R-14).[41] It remained in the budget that was passed by both chambers of the Wisconsin State Legislature in July 2015 and signed into law by Gov. Scott Walker (R) on July 12, 2016.[42]
The OSPP set up the takeover of up to three of the Milwaukee school district's lowest-performing schools by an independent commissioner appointed by the county executive for the 2015-2016 and the 2016-2017 school years. According to the law that set up the program, five more schools could be added each year thereafter. All employees in those schools were supposed to be fired and required to reapply for their jobs. The program also gave the commissioner the ability to convert any of the schools to private, non-religious voucher schools or independent charter schools.[40]
Before the governor signed the budget into law, Wisconsin Superintendent of Public Instruction Tony Evers urged Walker to veto the program. He did not agree with taking away the Milwaukee school district's right to close or reorganize its schools. He pointed out that it was a right every other school district in the state had.[43]
Milwaukee County Executive Chris Abele said he would do his best to make the OSPP work, although he did not ask for such responsibility. He told Darling and Kooyenga that he wanted to keep coming back to lawmakers and discussing what worked and what did not work with the program. Abele also said the state voucher system was unfairly designed and punished the Milwaukee school district with a disproportionate funding rate.[44]
Abele did not think the new program was going to fix all of the district's problems, but he thought it might be a chance to try out some solutions. "I'd rather be on the side of suggesting any idea that might improve MPS rather than simply sit on the sidelines saying I don't like that attempt to improve it and idly watching while something I think we all agree, we need to do better at, as it continues to worsen," said Abele.[44]
Some members of the Milwaukee community thought Abele, a lifelong Democrat, should have turned down the offer to appoint the commissioner. One retired district teacher told Abele "to stand up to Governor Walker and say no." She was backed by the Milwaukee Teachers' Education Association. According to the association's president Kim Schroeder, they looked into every option to fight the program.[41][45]
The Milwaukee school district was the only district in the state affected by the proposal for the 2015-2016 school year, as it met the following three criteria:[40]
- it had over 15,000 students,
- it received the lowest rating on the annual school report cards for two years in a row, and
- it received state aid to transport minority students within district boundaries.
Two other districts in the state—Madison Metropolitan and Racine Unified—had the possibility of qualifying due to student enrollment and receiving state transportation aid. Madison, however, received "meets expectations" ratings in 2013 and 2014, and Racine received "meets few expectations" ratings both years.[40]
Protests
Before the OSPP was implemented with the passing of the state budget, several protests were held in the district in what organizers called "a week of action." On May 27, 2015, a school defense action was held at Auer Elementary School, where hundreds of students, educators, parents, and community members linked arms around the building.[46] A petition containing nearly 6,000 signatures of those who opposed the Opportunity Schools Partnership Program was delivered to Darling's office on June 4, 2015. Protestors also gathered outside of North Division High School on June 5, 2015.[47][48]
In August 2015, 22 community groups, including labor, religious, and civic organizations, formed a coalition called "Schools and Communities United" in order to fight against the OSPP. Leaders of the coalition called on Abele to appoint a commissioner who opposed the privatization of public schools. They also called on state lawmakers to overturn the program.[49]
In response to the rallies, Darling released the following statement:
| “ | I find it reprehensible that the county board and the teachers union would rather trap children in schools where zero kids are proficient at reading. Zero.
While the county board and MTEA waste time and energy with useless resolutions and pay raises, we have enacted reforms that will improve the educational opportunities and outcomes for kids stuck in failing MPS schools. These reforms have worked in places like Memphis and New Orleans and it’s time to let them work here in Milwaukee. For the sake of the children, I hope the unions and county board come to their senses and finally put children first.[21] |
” |
| —State Sen. Roberta Darling (R) (2015)[50] | ||
Educators across the state also weighed in on the program. Approximately 30 teachers in the La Crosse school district protested outside of the district's Central High School to show their support and solidarity with Milwaukee teachers and their opposition to the OSPP.[51]
Commissioner appointed
On November 12, 2015, Abele announced that he had appointed Dr. Demond Means, superintendent of the Mequon-Thiensville School District, as the commissioner of the OSPP.[52]
Means graduated from the district's Riverside University High School and had worked in the education field since 1994. Before becoming superintendent, he served as a classroom teacher, assistant principal, principal, human resources director, and assistant superintendent.[52] Means also served as Wisconsin's representative on the Education Commission of the States in 2010, and he chaired a statewide task force on the state's achievement gap in 2014.[53]
Means said he did not intend to leave his position as superintendent of the Mequon-Thiensville School District. "We just moved to Mequon this fall, so I am very committed," he said. Means said his tasks as commissioner of the OSPP would be completed during his personal time. He also said he did not know how long the position would last, or if he would be paid to take it on.[54]
Along with the announcement, Abele published a news release with the following statement:
| “ | In the classroom and as an administrator, Dr. Demond Means has made a commitment to reach and uplift every single child. His relentless pursuit of excellence, coupled with his background as a long-time social justice advocate and supporter of Milwaukee Public Schools, makes Dr. Means a unique fit to partner with MPS Superintendent Dr. Darienne Driver and the MPS community to strengthen our public schools. We can all agree that our children, teachers, families and communities are better served when every child has the opportunity to achieve the kind of success in school that’s required to live a better life.[21] | ” |
| —Milwaukee County Executive Chris Abele (November 12, 2015)[52] | ||
Means issued a statement after the announcement, saying:
| “ | As a proud MPS graduate and native of Milwaukee who still has scores of family and friends directly impacted by the trajectory of educational opportunities in the city, the role of commissioner of OSPP is important to me. As Milwaukee goes, so goes Wisconsin. It is imperative that we do everything in our collective power to assist in closing achievement gaps in Milwaukee and around the state. I have high expectations for the professionals entrusted with the responsibility of educating our students and am passionate about ensuring we maximize the academic, social, and emotional growth of all children. I am excited to work with concerned citizens from Milwaukee, the region and the state to ensure that the city’s youth have greater access to high-quality educational opportunities.[21] | ” |
| —Dr. Demond Means (November 12, 2015)[52] | ||
OSPP plan proposed
Means unveiled his proposed plan to takeover one of the district's poorest performing schools to the Milwaukee School Board on April 21, 2016. Means proposed that the school, which had yet to be chosen, be transferred to the opportunity schools district for the 2016-2017 school year, and he left the possibility open for more schools to be added in later years. The school would remain part of MPS in the way charter schools were treated. The district would retain its per-pupil funding, but at the reduced charter school rate, according to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Means also proposed that the staff at the schools retain their jobs and benefits through the district.[55][56]
The proposed plan also detailed that schools in the opportunity schools district would transition to year-long community schools by the 2017-2018 school year. Students in those schools would take the same assessment tests as other students in Milwaukee Public Schools. Schools would be considered successful if their students performed better in math and reading or graduated at higher rates than the district's students. Schools that showed improvement would transition back to the Milwaukee School Board's control after 60 months.[55]
Milwaukee board member Terry Falk compared Means' plan to "a shotgun marriage." He told Means, "It's almost impossible for us to walk down the aisle with you and say 'I do.'" Means said he understood the plan "was not ideal," but he said it was a "best case scenario." He told the board that failure to agree to the plan could result in more involvement from the Wisconsin State Legislature.[55]
Board member Michael Bonds voiced support for the plan's concept. He said the board "risked harsher treatment" from the state legislature if they did not agree to it, according to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.[55]
Though the Milwaukee School Board would have retained some of its powers over the school transferred to the opportunity schools district in Means' proposal, that school would also have had an "independent, autonomous school governing body," according to the law that set up the program. The governing body would have power to get involved in the budget and principal appointment processes.[55]
“We have found a way to comply with the law without hurting MPS,” Means said. “This is not a takeover. This is not New Orleans; this is not Detroit.”[57]
OSPP plan rejected
The school board, along with Superintendent Darienne Driver, announced their rejection of Means' proposal on June 17, 2016. Driver said they could not accept Means' original proposal because it was vague, had an unclear funding plan, and conflicted with state law. MPS administrators suggested an alternative plan: that the OSPP create a charter school with an early childhood program in an existing MPS building.[58]
Milwaukee County Executive Chris Abele said he was disappointed with the rejection of Means' plan. Both Abele and Means said a rejection of their proposal could lead them to bring in outside operators.[58]
Prior to rejecting it, the board sent Means' plan to the Milwaukee City Attorney's Office to determine the board's options.[55] Though the deadline to choose the first school to join the opportunity schools district was May 25, 2016, Abele announced that deadline would not be met as district officials did not meet with him and Means.[56][57] Abele and Means met with district officials after the proposal was rejected, but no progress was made. Means resigned six days later.[59]
Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker (R) said that school district officials had to start working with the OSPP. He said the state would not rule out changing the law if the two entities could not agree.[56]
Commissioner resigns
Means served as commissioner of the OSPP from November 12, 2015, to June 29, 2016. When announcing his resignation, Means said he was leaving due to his inability to form a collaborative partnership with the school district.[59]
| “ | Over the last several months, it has become clear to me that efforts to implement the Opportunity Schools and Partnership Program law will become increasingly adversarial at a time when adversity is the last thing our children need.[21] | ” |
| —Demond Means (June 29, 2016)[59] | ||
Abele said he accepted Means' proposal with regret.[59]
After the announcement, the district released a statement saying, “We are surprised by today’s news. We recognize Dr. Means’ service to education and children in our area and agree that actions must be child-centered.”[59] Officials from the Milwaukee Teachers' Education Association called Means' resignation a victory.[60]
Abele had 120 days to appoint a replacement commissioner. Kooyenga said legislators were going to back to the drawing board.[60]
MPS no longer meets criteria for takeover
Wisconsin Superintendent of Public Instruction Tony Evers announced in October 2016 that Milwaukee Public Schools no longer met the requirements to have its schools be considered for the OSPP. Evers said that due to changes in the way the state's report cards were calculated no districts in the state met the qualifications for takeover for the 2016-2017 school year. The changes included emphasizing student improvement over proficiency as well as taking poverty levels, English language learners, and students with disabilities into account.[61]
District officials said Evers' announcement reflected improvements at the district's schools. “While we are energized by the progress we’re making, we still have significant work to do,” Driver said in a statement.[61]
Milwaukee Teachers' Education Association President Kim Schroeder also issued a statement after the announcement. "The MTEA applauds the work of all educators, parents, and community members who have worked tirelessly to fight this legislation both through grass-roots organizing and direct action," Schroeder said.[61]
Kooyenga said the OSPP acted as a good incentive for the district. He also said, "Rest assured, there will be more reforms."[61]
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2016: Report shows high percentage of teachers leaving Milwaukee area
A report released by the nonprofit Public Policy Forum on April 25, 2016, showed that the number of teachers leaving the profession in the greater Milwaukee area increased by 25% over the previous five years. A normal turnover rate was about 10%, according to Joe Yeado, the study's author and senior researcher. “Since 2009-10, we’ve seen the number of teachers leaving the workforce increase by about 23 percent. So we do have more people leaving the workforce,” said Yeado.[62]
Yeado said teachers leave the profession for a number of reasons, including retirement, family reasons, or switching to a higher-paid career. He also said Wisconsin's Act 10, which ended bargaining rights for teachers' unions, played a part in the high attrition rate. “In the year immediately following the adoption of Act 10, the number of teachers leaving the workforce spiked,” Yeado said. “And it spiked again in the most recent year, which corresponds to the end of union contracts in large districts like Milwaukee, Racine and Kenosha.”[62]
The report also showed that the number of students enrolled in teaching programs in Wisconsin shrunk by 28% over the previous six years. Enrollments in programs in Michigan and Illinois shrunk by nearly 50%. Linda Darling-Hammond, head of the national Learning Policy Institute, said the downward trends would continue until policies affecting teachers changed and public perception of teachers improved.[62]
2016: District awarded funds to increase student fitness
Milwaukee Public Schools received a $250,000 award over a three-year period to provide more physical education classes for district students. The district received the award from the Medical College of Wisconsin’s (MCW) Advancing a Healthier Wisconsin Endowment. In addition to working with MCW, the district worked with the Boys & Girls Clubs of Greater Milwaukee, Marquette University, and the Milwaukee Teachers’ Education Association to improve students' fitness levels and to teach them lifetime fitness habits, according to Wauwatosa Now.[63]
2015: District cancels international trips for 2015-2016 school year
In December 2015, officials from the Milwaukee school district announced that they had canceled international student trips for the 2015-2016 school year. The district also canceled student travel to Washington, D.C. in 2015. The officials listed terror concerns as their reason for the cancelations. Approximately six trips were affected, including an annual trip to Denmark that students from Golda Meir, a school for gifted and talented students, had taken for over 20 years.[64][65]
The district released the following statement about the cancellations:
| “ | On November 23, 2015, the United States Department of State issued a Travel Alert due to worldwide terror attacks in countries including France and Denmark through February 24, 2016. Due to these heightened safety concerns, MPS is regrettably cancelling all foreign student travel for the remainder of the 2015-16 school year.
Safety is always our primary concern when students are in our care. We are disappointed these trips cannot take place and share the frustration of our students, families and staff. We are also aware that cancellation deadlines are approaching for some trips and wanted to make sure families could recover most, if not all, of their deposits. The district is working to find alternative experiences for students. Out-of-state field trips will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis. All Washington, D.C. travel for students and staff has been cancelled for the remainder of 2015. We will re-evaluate travel to Washington, D.C. in early 2016. We want our students to have robust, out-of-the-classroom experiences. But we also feel an obligation to make sure they are safe. We will continue to monitor federal guidelines on travel and hope we can resume educational travel experiences for our students and staff as soon as possible.[21] |
” |
| —Milwaukee Public Schools officials (December 2015)[64] | ||
Parents of students from Golda Meir School who were supposed to go to Denmark decided to continue the trip despite the district's cancelation. They raised funds through fundraisers and auctions to come up with the required $1,800 per person. Prior to the cancelation, students had raised thousands of dollars, but those funds were deposited with the district. Since the trip was canceled, those funds could not be accessed.[65]
Parents said canceling the international trips reinforced fear and took away what might be the only opportunity a student had to see the world. “Having an open mind and learning to be accepting of other cultures sets these kids up for success in the future,” said Ricky Francis, father of a daughter who traveled to Denmark.[65]
2015: State budget requires Milwaukee to sell unused buildings
In July 2015, the Wisconsin State Legislature passed the 2015-2017 state budget. With it, a law to expedite the process of selling Milwaukee's empty school buildings was also passed. The law set up a sales process that included deadlines for when buildings had to be sold. It required the empty buildings to be put on the market by October 2015, but the city of Milwaukee said it was prevented from following this deadline by the law itself.[26]
The law gave Milwaukee's superintendent and the commissioner of the Opportunity Schools and Partnership Program (OSPP) 60 days to submit letters of intent for the buildings. After those 60 days were up, charters schools and vouchers schools outside of the district's jurisdiction were supposed to have a chance to submit their own letters of intent for the buildings. Because a commissioner had not been appointed for the new OSPP by October 2015, the city said it was prevented from moving forward. “The bottom line is the clock does not start running until the commissioner is named. That’s how the city attorney’s office reads the statute,” said Milwaukee City Clerk Jim Owczarski.[26]
Not everyone agreed with the city's take on the new law. C.J. Szafir, an associate counsel at the Wisconsin Institute for Law and Liberty, said the city's position on the law did not make sense. “The law isn’t written as clearly as it could be, but its intention is clear. It’s designed to sell the unused and underutilized buildings and do so expeditiously,” Szafir said. According to Szafir, the commissioner would not be able to buy any of the buildings even if there was a commissioner. “No funding has been provided for OSPP. It doesn’t have its own budget. It won’t be in any position to purchase anything," he said.[26]
Superintendent Darienne Driver submitted her required letter of intent, which expressed interest in the district keeping “all school buildings determined to be ‘eligible school buildings.’” Voucher and charter school operators and nonprofits also filed letters of intent. Owczarski said the city clerk's office had the letters on file and would be prepared to move forward with them once a commissioner had been appointed and given 60 days.[26][66] In January 2016, Commissioner Demond Means said he had no intention of acquiring any of the district's empty buildings.[67]
In March 2015, the Wisconsin Institute for Law and Liberty submitted a letter to the city clerk's office questioning Driver's appeal and demanding the city begin negotiations with the qualified organizations that had submitted letters of interest.[8] The organization threatened to sue the city if officials did not comply with the law.[66]
| “ | The intent of the statute was to remove unused and underutilized school buildings from the control of MPS. It would not make sense to allow MPS or the superintendent to retain control of these properties by attempting to acquire them in lieu of the ‘education operators’ expressly defined in the statute. Nor would it make any sense to allow MPS to delay or frustrate the purchase of an eligible building by an education operator by asserting that MPS is a competitive bidder.[21] | ” |
| —Wisconsin Institute for Law and Liberty (March 2015)[8] | ||
MPS spokesperson Tony Tagliavia disagreed with the Wisconsin Institute for Law and Liberty's take on the law. He said, "The law clearly gives the superintendent the authority to submit a letter of interest.”[8] Milwaukee City Attorney Grant Langley, however, said the school district could not be considered an educational operator under the new law. He also said it was a "poorly written statute," and that it contained contradictory language. He told the city zoning committee that the city could be sued if it did not begin selling school buildings.[66][68]
On April 12, 2016, the zoning committee recommended that the Milwaukee Common Council approve education operators in order to determine who could buy the buildings. The committee also recommended that the council set up a review committee for sale proposals.[69]
The Milwaukee Common Council on April 15, 2016, approved five private and charter schools as education operators, enabling them to buy the school district's surplus buildings. It also passed a measure to create a school building proposal review committee.[69]
Milwaukee District 3 Alderman Nik Kovac, who was re-elected just weeks before the meeting, voted in favor of the measures, but he voiced his frustration with the position the Common Council had been put in. "This is an extremely poorly written state statute. They’ve clearly established that up is down by claiming that the largest education operator in the state is not an education operator," said Kovac. He also said he was "extremely frustrated that state legislators saw this as the solution to its problems.”[69]
Tagliavia also voiced frustration at the district's situation. “We are disappointed and concerned that this latest development may limit our ability to continue to grow programs with a track record of success that families in our community are seeking,” he said. “Moving forward, our goal and our concern is retaining the ability to continue our strategic, planned growth of successful programs.”
The Wisconsin Institute of Law and Liberty issued a statement after the vote that said, "We are glad to see the city do its job."[70]
2015: Milwaukee superintendent speaks out at state budget hearing
Milwaukee Superintendent Darienne Driver joined hundreds of protesters on March 20, 2015, at the second of four public hearings on the state budget proposed by Gov. Scott Walker (R). Driver spoke out against the proposed funding cuts to education.[71] The Milwaukee school district expected to lose more than $12 million if the proposed budget had been passed.[72]
“It doesn’t matter what city we’re leading. It doesn’t matter the size of the district. What we’re talking about are students. We’re talking about children,” Driver said.[71]
The first public hearing on the proposed state budget, held on March 18, 2015, also drew hundreds of attendees.[73]
The final budget signed by Walker on July 12, 2015, did not cut education funding in the state, instead keeping it flat for the 2015-2016 school year. The 2016-2017 school year saw a $69 million increase in funds. Under the new budget, school districts did not have the ability to increase spending.[74]
2014: New superintendent appointed
Dr. Darienne Driver was appointed the new superintendent of Milwaukee Public Schools in October 2014, after serving as interim superintendent for three months. Driver was the district's first permanent female superintendent. She replaced Dr. Gregory Thornton, who left the district in July 2014 to serve the Baltimore City Public School System.[8]
Driver first joined the district in July 2012. She served as the chief innovation officer—the first to hold such a role in the district—before taking on the position of interim superintendent. Before coming to Milwaukee, Driver served as the deputy chief of empowerment schools for the School District of Philadelphia.[8]
Contact information
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See also
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External links
- Search Google News for this topic
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Footnotes
- ↑ Milwaukee Public Schools, "Dr. Brenda Cassellius will begin her tenure as MPS superintendent on March 15," accessed March 5, 2025
- ↑ WISN 12 ABC, "Eduardo Galvan, MPS acting superintendent, addresses district challenges," June 21, 2024
- ↑ WISN 12 ABC, "Milwaukee school board officially appoints interim superintendent," July 25, 2024
- ↑ WISN 12 ABC, "MPS Superintendent Keith Posley resigns," June 4, 2024
- ↑ Milwaukee Public Schools, "Biography," accessed April 8, 2019
- ↑ Milwaukee Public Schools, "Office of the Superintendent," accessed August 13, 2014
- ↑ Fox6, "Interim Superintendent announced: Dr. Darienne Driver to lead MPS," accessed June 5, 2014
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 BizTimes, "Driver to lead MPS as permanent superintendent," accessed October 1, 2014 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "biztimes" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Milwaukee Public Schools, "School Board Members," accessed July 13, 2015
- ↑ Michael Bonds served until July 2018.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Milwaukee Public Schools, "Proceedings (Minutes) of the Board: 2017-2018," accessed February 22, 2017
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.8 12.9 Milwaukee Public Schools, "Proceedings (Minutes) of the Board," accessed February 21, 2017
- ↑ Milwaukee Public Schools, "Board Meetings," accessed December 13, 2023
- ↑ National Center for Education Statistics, "Elementary/Secondary Information System," accessed June 17, 2024
- ↑ Wisconsin Education Association Council, "MTEA 2024/25 Salary Schedules - Teacher Unit (Teachers, PT, OT, SLP, Nurses, SSW, Traveling Music)," accessed April 23, 2025
- ↑ Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction, "Teacher Unit," accessed February 5, 2024
- ↑ Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction, "Public Teacher Salary Report: 2020-2021, Milwaukee School District," accessed July 27, 2021
- ↑ U.S. Department of Education, Washington, DC: EDFacts, "State Assessments in Reading/Language Arts and Mathematics- School Year 2018-19 EDFacts Data Documentation," accessed February 25, 2021
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 Fox 6 Now, "St. Joan Antida files lawsuit against MPS arguing public transportation should be paid for by district," March 22, 2017
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Milwaukee Public Radio, "Milwaukee Choice School Sues MPS Over Transportation Costs," March 23, 2017
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 21.5 21.6 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Townhall, "Lawsuit: MPS violating constitution by denying bus rides to religious school students," March 23, 2017
- ↑ Wisconsin Institute for Law & Liberty, "WILL argues school choice busing case in Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals," September 18, 2018
- ↑ Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, "Federal appeals court says MPS need not provide free busing to St. Joan Antida students," March 27, 2019
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 25.4 25.5 Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, "Report accuses Milwaukee of foot-dragging on mandate to sell vacant MPS buildings," March 10, 2017
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.4 Wisconsin Watchdog, "Milwaukee finds new way to delay selling empty school buildings," November 2, 2015
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 Townhall, "Report says Milwaukee defying state law regarding vacant school buildings," March 14, 2017
- ↑ Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, "Mayor Tom Barrett proposes fee for voucher school to buy MPS building," July 31, 2014
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, "Milwaukee Public Schools bracing for $50 million-plus budget gap," March 8, 2017
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 Milwaukee Public Radio, "MPS Reassures Families: 'We Won't Share Immigrant Status With Federal Officials,'" February 22, 2017
- ↑ Department of Homeland Security, "Executive Orders on Protecting the Homeland," accessed February 22, 2017
- ↑ CNN, "Trump admin sets stage for mass deportations," February 22, 2017
- ↑ WISN, "MPS board wants to declare schools as 'safe havens' from immigration enforcement," February 28, 2017
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, "Proposed bill would repeal Sept. 1 school start law," February 3, 2017
- ↑ Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, "MPS moves more schools to early start," December 16, 2016
- ↑ Milwaukee Public Schools, "2017-18 Early Start Calendar," accessed February 10, 2017
- ↑ Open States, "AB 103," accessed September 5, 2017
- ↑ WXOW.com, "Should local districts decide school start dates?" February 21, 2017
- ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 Wisconsin Public Radio, "New Education Initiative Launches In Milwaukee," January 25, 2017
- ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 Education Week, "Milwaukee, other large school districts face takeover," May 21, 2015
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, "Chris Abele gears up for role as overseer of troubled Milwaukee schools," August 14, 2015
- ↑ Star Tribune, "Highlights of Wisconsin state budget signed by governor," July 12, 2015
- ↑ Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, "Wisconsin schools chief urges Scott Walker to veto education measures," July 9, 2015
- ↑ 44.0 44.1 OnMilwaukee.com, "Abele set to take over struggling schools when Walker signs budget bill," July 9, 2015
- ↑ Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, "Abele gets earful on new school role during county budget session," August 19, 2015
- ↑ Workers World, "Fight to save Milwaukee public schools," accessed June 8, 2015
- ↑ Fox 6 Now, "'We will not stand back:' MPS parents and teachers fight against failing school takeover proposal," June 5, 2015
- ↑ Fox 6 Now, "Those opposed to proposed 'takeover' plan for under-performing MPS schools deliver petition signatures," June 4, 2015
- ↑ Milwaukee Neighborhood News Service, "Civic group coalition vows to fight “takeover” plan for struggling MPS schools," August 26, 2015
- ↑ Fox 6, “'I find it reprehensible:'” More than 80 Milwaukee Public Schools rally to stop takeovers," September 18, 2015
- ↑ WXOW ABC 19, "La Crosse teachers stand in solidarity with Milwaukee public schools," September 18, 2015
- ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 52.3 Fox 6 Now, "Chris Abele appoints Dr. Demond Means as Commissioner of Opportunity Schools Program," November 12, 2015
- ↑ Milwaukee Courier, "Milwaukee County Executive Chris Abele Appoints MPS Graduate, Long-Time Public School Advocate Dr. Demond Means Commissioner of Opportunity Schools Program," November 14, 2015
- ↑ Mequon Now, "Mequon-Thiensville's Demond Means says MPS role won't interfere with his day job," November 18, 2015
- ↑ 55.0 55.1 55.2 55.3 55.4 55.5 Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, "Abele, Means opportunity schools plan gets rocky reception," April 22, 2016
- ↑ 56.0 56.1 56.2 Fox 6 Now, "Key element of Milwaukee schools’ state-mandated turnaround plan delayed as talks break down," May 24, 2016
- ↑ 57.0 57.1 Urban Milwaukee, "MPS Teachers Oppose State Partnership Plan," May 21, 2016
- ↑ 58.0 58.1 Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, "MPS rejects plan on poor performing schools," June 17, 2016
- ↑ 59.0 59.1 59.2 59.3 59.4 Wisconsin Watchdog, "Demond Means resigns as OSPP commissioner," June 29, 2016
- ↑ 60.0 60.1 Fox 6 Now, "120 days to appoint new commissioner of turnaround program for failing schools after resignation," June 29, 2016
- ↑ 61.0 61.1 61.2 61.3 Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, "No MPS schools eligible for takeover this year," October 12, 2016
- ↑ 62.0 62.1 62.2 Milwaukee Public Radio, "Milwaukee Has A Problem Attracting and Retaining Teachers," April 25, 2016
- ↑ Wauwatosa Now, "MCW’s Advancing a Healthier Wisconsin Endowment awards more than $250,000 to increase fitness in Milwaukee children," January 15, 2016
- ↑ 64.0 64.1 Fox 6 Now, "Amid terror concerns, MPS cancels all foreign student travel, some trips to Washington, D.C.," December 7, 2015
- ↑ 65.0 65.1 65.2 Milwaukee Neighborhood News Service, "Golda Meir group planning Denmark trip despite MPS ban on foreign travel," February 12, 2016
- ↑ 66.0 66.1 66.2 Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, "Statute blocks MPS interest in empty buildings, city attorney says," March 22, 2016
- ↑ Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, "Demond Means says turnaround district not seeking MPS buildings," January 13, 2016
- ↑ Wisconsin Watchdog, "Milwaukee still playing ‘political games’ with vacant school buildings, attorney says," April 11, 2016
- ↑ 69.0 69.1 69.2 Milwaukee Business News, "Common Council approves measures allowing sale of vacant schools," April 15, 2016
- ↑ Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, "MPS says mandated sale of vacant buildings will hurt reform efforts," April 16, 2016
- ↑ 71.0 71.1 ABC 2, "People sound off on governor's budget," March 20, 2015
- ↑ Opposing Views, "Scott Walker's Education Cuts Have Wisconsin Schools Preparing For Massive Layoffs," March 19, 2015
- ↑ NBC 26, "Budget public hearing packed in Brillion," March 18, 2015
- ↑ Star Tribune, "Highlights of Wisconsin state budget signed by governor," July 12, 2015
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